= Simon van der Meer
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<Simon van der Meer> was an <electrical engineer> whose development of <stochastic cooling> made dense <antiproton> beams available for collider experiments. The method reduces the spread of particle motion in <phase space>, allowing beams produced over many cycles to be accumulated.<Stochastic Cooling and the Accumulation of Antiprotons by Simon van der Meer>[Sections 1–2]{ref}
A pickup senses an electrical signal from particles passing through a storage ring. After amplification and an appropriate delay, a downstream kicker applies a corrective force. The timing connects the measured deviation with the returning particles; the signal from each particle is mixed with contributions from others, so gain and <noise> determine the net cooling. This turns high-speed feedback electronics into a tool for controlling a particle distribution.<Stochastic Cooling and the Accumulation of Antiprotons by Simon van der Meer>[Sections 2–3, figures 2–3]{ref}
\Image[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Redirect/file/Simon_van_der_Meer_in_the_AA_Control_Room_(cropped).jpg?width=260]
{title=Portrait of <Simon van der Meer>}
{description=CERN. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/[CC BY 4.0], via Wikimedia Commons.}
{source=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Simon_van_der_Meer_in_the_AA_Control_Room_(cropped).jpg}
{width=260}
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