Modalized fixed-point theorem for GL 2026-10-31
If every occurrence of in lies under a box, Gödel-Löb logic has a formula without , using only the other letters of , satisfying the displayed equivalence. Write using the outermost boxes that contain , so has no . Solve by simultaneous boxed fixed-point elimination in GL. If the solutions are , then works by replacement of provably equivalent formulas.
The language of Gödel-Löb logic has propositional variables, , implication, and the unary operator ; the other logical connectives are abbreviations. Its axioms are all classical tautologies, the distribution scheme , and the Löb scheme . Its rules are modus ponens rule, necessitation rule of theorems, and uniform substitution.
For a single boxed equation , set . The identity supplied in the source gives directly . If does not occur, take instead.
Proceed by induction for a system of equations, allowing other propositional variables as parameters. Treat as parameters in the last equation and putThe one-variable result proves . Substitute this for in the first equations. They are still boxed equations, so induction supplies solutions . Define .