= Skin-temperature perturbation experiment
Twelve resting volunteers wore a water-perfused suit. Tubes covered the torso, upper arms and legs; the right forearm remained uncovered for laser Doppler blood-flow measurement. Six <thermocouples> estimated mean <skin> <temperature>; a sublingual <thermocouple> measured oral <temperature>. A dry-air capsule measured local sweat output from outgoing air moisture. <Cortical, thalamic, and hypothalamic responses to cooling and warming the skin in awake humans: A positron-emission tomography study by Gary F. Egan and others>[Methods, Temperature-Control Procedures: garment, uncovered forearm, blood-flow probe, ventilated capsule and thermocouples]{ref}
After two control scans near $34\,{}^\circ\mathrm C$ <skin> <temperature>, the suit cooled and then warmed the <skin>. Mean oral <temperature> was $36.6\,{}^\circ\mathrm C$ during both cooling and early warming; mean <skin> readings were $30.5$ and $38.2\,{}^\circ\mathrm C$. Cutaneous vascular conductance fell during cooling and rose during warming. The inference is that compensatory blood-flow responses can precede an appreciable internal <temperature> change. <Cortical, thalamic, and hypothalamic responses to cooling and warming the skin in awake humans: A positron-emission tomography study by Gary F. Egan and others>[Methods, Experimental Protocol; Results, Body Temperature and Hemodynamic Responses; Table 1, SC1 and H1]{ref}
Repeated baselines controlled comparison within participants; closed mouths reduced oral-probe cooling artifacts. A later control with reduced oral <temperature> was excluded. Oral <temperature> is a proxy, local flow is not whole-body <heat transfer>, and the fixed condition order leaves time effects possible. Brain imaging measured regional blood flow, not direct <neuron> firing or causal necessity. <Cortical, thalamic, and hypothalamic responses to cooling and warming the skin in awake humans: A positron-emission tomography study by Gary F. Egan and others>[Methods, Temperature-Control Procedures, Experimental Protocol and Imaging Procedures; Results, exclusion of C3; Table 1]{ref}
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