= Solar neutrino problem
The <solar neutrino problem> was the historical deficit of detected <electron> neutrinos relative to predictions based on solar fusion and detector response. The key ambiguity was whether the Sun emitted fewer neutrinos than expected or whether neutrinos changed flavor before reaching the detector.
The <Sudbury Neutrino Observatory> compared charged-current reactions sensitive primarily to <electron> neutrinos with neutral-current reactions sensitive to all active flavors. The electron-flavor flux was suppressed while a substantial non-electron active component was present, supporting flavor transformation rather than simply lowering the total solar production. Comparing channels therefore tested particle behavior independently of relying on one detector's count deficit.<Direct Evidence for Neutrino Flavor Transformation from Neutral-Current Interactions in the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory by Q. R. Ahmad and others>[2002 charged-current, neutral-current and elastic-scattering comparison]{ref}
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