= Speech and Language Processing by Daniel Jurafsky and James H. Martin
{c}
{tag=Work by Daniel Jurafsky}
{tag=Work by James H. Martin}
{title2=19 August 2026 draft}
By <Daniel Jurafsky> and <James H. Martin>. Author-hosted third-edition draft, appendix A, Hidden Markov Models, dated 19 August 2026.
Official PDF: https://web.stanford.edu/~jurafsky/slp3/A.pdf
Appendix A.2, pp. 2–3, specifies initial, transition and emission distributions and the Markov/output-independence assumptions. Appendix A.3 gives the forward algorithm.
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