= Spintronics
<Spintronics> uses electron <spin> and spin-dependent transport in electronic materials and devices. In a magnetic multilayer, the relative magnetization directions can change resistance because electrons of different spin scatter differently. <Giant magnetoresistance> and <tunnel magnetoresistance> turn this dependence into electrical readout. <Spin accumulation> instead describes a nonequilibrium imbalance of spin populations. The field connects quantum angular momentum to transport and information storage; spin polarization need not imply that the entire material is a permanent magnet.<Nobel Lecture: Origin, development, and future of spintronics by Albert Fert>[discussion of spin-dependent conduction and giant magnetoresistance]{ref}
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