Stellar mass in a constant-inflow gas regulator
= Stellar mass in a constant-inflow gas regulator
For initially no stars, $M_\star=\Phi t+(M_0-\Phi/\epsilon)(1-e^{-\epsilon t})$. Adding the <gas> solution verifies $M_g+M_\star=M_0+\Phi t$. Thus equilibrium of the <gas> reservoir coexists with continuing linear growth of stellar <mass>.