= Stimulated Raman adiabatic passage
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= STIRAP
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For a resonant three-level chain with couplings $\Omega_1,\Omega_2$, the zero-energy <dark state of a driven Hamiltonian> is $|D\rangle=(\Omega_2|1\rangle-\Omega_1|3\rangle)/\sqrt{\Omega_1^2+\Omega_2^2}$. Turning on the target-to-intermediate coupling first and sweeping $\Omega_1/\Omega_2$ from zero to infinity rotates this state from $|1\rangle$ to $-|3\rangle$. The other <eigenvalues> are $\pm\sqrt{\Omega_1^2+\Omega_2^2}$, so $\hbar|\dot\theta|\ll\sqrt{\Omega_1^2+\Omega_2^2}$ controls nonadiabatic leakage. Ideally the intermediate state remains unoccupied, suppressing spontaneous-emission loss. The gap must not close while the dark state is rotating.
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