= Super Proton-Antiproton Synchrotron
{c}
{title2=$\mathrm{Sp\bar pS}$}
{wiki=Super_Proton–Antiproton_Synchrotron}
The <Super Proton-Antiproton Synchrotron> used the converted SPS ring for counterrotating <proton> and <antiproton> beams. In the discovery running, two $270\,\mathrm{GeV}$ beams provided $\sqrt{s}=540\,\mathrm{GeV}$, unlike a stationary-target collision at the same incident <energy>. Antiproton production, accumulation and <stochastic cooling> supplied the collisions used in the <W and Z discovery experiments>.<Experimental Observation of the Intermediate Vector Bosons W+, W− and Z0 by Carlo Rubbia>[Section 3, printed p.247 and Fig.5: counterrotating beams, accumulation and SPS conversion]{ref}
Why can opposite <electric charges> share the bending magnets? Reversing both $q$ and <velocity> $\mathbf v$ leaves the <Lorentz force> $q\mathbf v\times\mathbf B$ unchanged at a given point. Both circulating species can therefore bend toward the same ring center in the same <magnetic field>, with equal <magnetic rigidity> magnitudes. This argument explains the bending geometry; actual injection, focusing, timed acceleration and collisions still require a complete <particle accelerator> system.
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