Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2023 ii Paper 1 15B c Solution Created 2026-09-24 Updated 2026-10-03
Put . Apart from the positive factor ,For , its discriminant is positive and its two roots areBoth are positive. Moreover and , soA universe expanding from follows the allowed region and reaches with . There,so crosses from positive to negative: expansion reverses into contraction.
As on the contracting branch,Hence , so zero scale factor is reached in finite time. The universe therefore undergoes the supercritical closed radiation--cosmological-constant recollapse to a Big Crunch.