= Surface acoustic impedance
{title2=$Z=P/V$}
At an acoustic boundary, the <surface acoustic impedance> is the <pressure> amplitude divided by the <velocity> amplitude directed into that boundary. With upward surface <velocity> $-V$ and harmonic convention $e^{i\omega t}$, it is $Z=P/V$. Reflection compares this impedance with the incident fluid's <normal acoustic impedance>. The <velocity> orientation and harmonic convention must be fixed before interpreting signs of inertial, elastic, and radiation terms.
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