The standard four-torus has trivial complex tangent bundle, so its symplectic canonical class is zero. The symplectic adjunction formula gives for a smooth genus- fiber of a symplectic Lefschetz pencil. Two generic fibers meet once positively at each base point and nowhere else, giving the displayed count.
Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2006 iii Paper 20 3 Solution Created 2026-10-03 Updated 2026-10-14
A symplectic blowup replaces a small symplectic ball around the point by an exceptional divisor , for . One can construct its form by symplectic reduction. In a Darboux chart, consider with the circle actionOn the action is free because . Its quotient therefore carries a smooth symplectic form. Where , choose the representative with positive real; the reduced form is the original form on . Where , the quotient is the Hopf fibration quotient of , namely . The local quotient is the tautological complex line bundle near its zero section, hence the local blowup. Glue this model to the exterior of the ball to obtain a symplectic form on the blowup.
The area of a projective line in the exceptional divisor is . For a closed , changing this size changes the symplectic volume:Consequently the blowup is not determined up to symplectomorphism without a size choice. The underlying smooth blowup is fixed, but the symplectic construction has a parameter, as in symplectic blowup size changes volume.
For the blowdown map and exceptional divisor , the First Chern class isIn real dimension four this becomes , the first Chern class formula for a symplectic blowup.
The tangent bundle of the standard four-torus is a trivial complex rank-two bundle, so its symplectic canonical class is zero. For a generic fiber of a symplectic Lefschetz pencil, the symplectic adjunction formula gives . Two generic fibers intersect precisely at the base points, each with local intersection number one in the pencil model . HenceThis is base-point count for a Lefschetz pencil on a symplectic four-torus.