= Thermal stress
{title2=$\tau=C:(e-e^{\rm th})$}
<Thermal stress> is <stress> generated when <thermal expansion> or contraction is constrained or incompatible. A uniformly heated isotropic body whose entire boundary is fixed has $e=0$ and $\tau=-K\alpha_v(T-T_0)I$. For a nonuniform temperature field, interior <displacement> generally remains nonzero even with a fixed outer boundary; <equilibrium> and compatibility must be solved together. Cancelling the divergence of a <thermal stress> term with a <body force> is not the same as making that <stress> vanish.
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