= Thermoacoustics
<Thermoacoustics> studies coupling between thermal processes and acoustic motion. Oscillatory compression changes <gas> <temperature>; <heat> exchange at the right phase can amplify a <sound wave> or let sound transport <heat>.
In an engine, a maintained <temperature> difference can drive acoustic oscillations. In a refrigerator, externally supplied acoustic work can pump <heat>. The timing and location of <heat> exchange determine the <energy transfer>, so a <temperature gradient> alone does not guarantee self-sustained sound. Viscous and <thermal boundary layers> are important near the heat-exchanging structures.
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