Wernicke encephalopathy Created 2026-10-31 Updated 2026-11-05
Wernicke encephalopathy is a neurological syndrome caused by severe deficiency of thiamine, vitamin B1. Its manifestations can include altered mental state, abnormalities of eye movement and ataxia; the complete classical combination need not be present in every affected person.
The mechanism concerns impaired nutrient-dependent cellular function, not simply the presence of alcohol in the body. Alcohol-related malnutrition is one setting, but other causes of severe thiamine deficiency can also produce the syndrome.[ref]
Thiamin fact sheet by the NIH Office of Dietary Supplements. Thiamin Deficiency, Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome