Past exam of the mathematics course of the year 1 of the natural sciences course of the University of Cambridge 2004 Paper 2 5 i Solution Created 2026-10-18 Updated 2026-10-20
Use the intended model of independent Bernoulli trials, with the same scoring probability for every shot. Equal marginal scoring probabilities alone would not establish the stated formula without independence. Let count misses in the two groups of five. They are independent random variables with binomial distribution . A tie occurs precisely when for one of the mutually exclusive possibilities . Therefore the tie probability for independent binomial counts isAt , Vandermonde's identity gives , soExchanging the two teams preserves the distribution and interchanges the two winning events. Their total probability is , so the first team wins at the end of the initial period with probability . In this model the shooting order gives no advantage.