= Timothy Grance
{c}
<Timothy Grance> coauthored the 2011 NIST definition of <cloud computing> with <Peter Mell>. It specifies five essential characteristics, service models and deployment models rather than equating every remotely accessed computer with a cloud.<The NIST Definition of Cloud Computing by Peter Mell and Timothy Grance>[§2]{ref}
For example, <rapid elasticity> concerns provisioning and releasing capacity as demand changes; it is distinct from <resource pooling>, which concerns sharing provider resources among consumers. A manually provisioned remote server can lack the on-demand and elasticity characteristics. Separating these properties makes system descriptions more informative than simply attaching a cloud label.
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