Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2015 ii Paper 2 14I c Solution Created 2026-09-24 Updated 2026-10-06
The binomial upper bound for a Ramsey number gives . For the triangle-free Ramsey lower bound by alteration, a binomial random graph has expected triangle count and expected independent -set count . Choose a realization whose sum of these counts is at most its expectation. Delete one vertex from each surviving forbidden set, iterating through the originally listed sets. The remaining graph has neither a triangle nor an independent -set. This random alteration method provesFor large , set and . The triangle term is at most . Using and , the logarithm of the independent-set term divided by is at mostwhich tends to . That term is eventually below . Thus and