= Tricrystal half-flux experiment
A ring crossing three appropriately oriented grain-boundary junctions tests a superconducting pairing sign pattern. An odd total intrinsic $\pi$ offset frustrates integer phase matching and can favor a half-flux state. Actual enclosed flux also depends on loop inductance and junction currents; the measurement requires controls against ordinary trapped flux.<Pairing symmetry and flux quantization in a tricrystal superconducting ring by C. C. Tsuei and others>[1994 primary tricrystal-ring pairing-symmetry experiment]{ref}
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