= Uniaxial strain modulus
{title2=$M=E(1-\nu)/[(1+\nu)(1-2\nu)]$}
= Constrained longitudinal modulus
{synonym}
= Constrained modulus
{synonym}
The <uniaxial strain modulus> relates longitudinal <normal stress> to longitudinal <strain> when both transverse normal strains vanish. For isotropic <linear elasticity>, solving the transverse compliance equations gives the transverse stresses $\nu\tau_1/(1-\nu)$ and hence the displayed modulus in terms of <Young's modulus> and <Poisson's ratio>. It differs from <Young's modulus>, which applies when the transverse stresses vanish. Their difference is crucial for thin elastic layers bonded to rigid faces.
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