Choose zero gravitational potential at infinity. Apply superposition to a uniform sphere of positive density and the two voids represented by spheres of negative density. The shell theorem makes every component act as a point mass outside the large sphere. With and ,
The volume factors are the cubes of the three radii.
Inside the smaller void, the large sphere and the removed small sphere have interior fields and , where . They combine into the uniform gravitational field in an off-center spherical cavity, . The point is outside the other void's sphere, whose removed mass contributes a repulsive field. Thus
An equilibrium must lie on the line through the two centers. Write with . Its equation is , giving
This point is inside the smaller void, but it is not stable. Let . The field's Jacobian matrix has eigenvalues
The axial displacement is restoring, while transverse displacements accelerate away from equilibrium. Therefore there is no point in that void where a test particle remains stably at rest. The cavity equilibrium destabilized by a second void is a saddle; existence of a zero force is insufficient for stability.
Figure 1.
The two spherical voids and the unstable equilibrium inside the smaller void
. Details.