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Suppose a $k$-algebra $A$ has elements $f_i,g_i$ with ${\sum }_i{g}_i{f}_i=1$, and each $A_{f_i}$ is a finitely generated algebra. Let $B\subseteq A$ contain the $f_i,g_i$ and numerators of finite generating sets of all $A_{f_i}$. Then $B$ is finitely generated and $B_{f_i}=A_{f_i}$. For $a\in A$, clear denominators so that all $f_i^{N}a$ belong to $B$. A unit-ideal identity for powers gives $1={\sum }_i{c}_i{f}_i^N$ in $B$, hence $a={\sum }_i{c}_i{f}_i^{N}a\in B$. Thus $A=B$.

The localization of global sections on a principal open gives $A_{f_i}=\Gamma (X_{f_i},{\mathcal{O}}_X)$. Each of these rings is a finitely generated algebra because $X_{f_i}$ is an affine variety. Choose finite generators of every $A_{f_i}$ and write them as $a_{ij}/f_i^{e_{ij}}$ with $a_{ij}\in A$. Let $B$ be the $k$-subalgebra of $A$ generated by all $f_i,g_i,a_{ij}$. It is a finitely generated algebra, and $B_{f_i}=A_{f_i}$ since these localizations contain the chosen generators and $f_i^{-1}$.

For any integer $N\ge 1$, raise ${\sum }_i{g}_i{f}_i=1$ to the power $r(N-1)+1$. Every resulting monomial contains some $f_i^N$, so it gives a unit-ideal identity for powersFor an arbitrary $a\in A$, equality $A_{f_i}=B_{f_i}$ implies $f_i^{N_i}a\in B$ for some $N_i$: multiply by an additional power if equality of localized fractions requires it. Choose a common $N$ and the identity above. Then $a={\sum }_i{c}_i(f_i^{N}a)\in B$. Consequently $A=B$, so $A$ is a finitely generated algebra. It is a reduced ring, since a nilpotent element global regular function has zero germ everywhere on the reduced variety $X$. This is finite generation from finitely many principal localizations.