Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2005 iii Paper 21 1 a Solution Created 2026-10-03 Updated 2026-10-14
Use projectivization by quotients, and setThe fibre over parametrizes one-dimensional quotients of , so it is . The standard line bundles areThus is the fiber class of a rational normal scroll of the ruling and is the universal quotient line bundle of . In additive divisor notation we also write for their first Chern classes. For these generate the Picard group; for , and . This fixes the sign convention for the rational normal scroll.
Put . The projective bundle formula for Chow groups givesHere the first relation comes from the one-dimensional base, and the second is the projective-bundle relation with and higher Chern classes zero on the base. Integration over a fibre gives . Therefore all top-degree mixed intersection numbers areIn particular, for integers ,For the canonical divisor of a smooth variety, the relative Euler sequencehas determinant . Combining its dual determinant with gives
A common twist does not change the abstract projective bundle. Choose an integer such that for every . The complete linear system of divisors hasIts map to , where , has coordinate blocksHere is a point of the base and the are quotient coordinates in a local trivialization of . These expressions have the correct transition factors and define the global map. Any nonzero block recovers the base point through its degree- rational normal curve. Once that point is known, the blocks recover the projective fibre coordinates. On the open where the first coordinate of a nonzero block is nonzero, the ratio of the next coordinate to the first recovers ; the analogous last-coordinate chart recovers . The remaining coordinate ratios then recover the fibre coordinates regularly. Thus the map identifies with its closed image and is a projective embedding, not merely a pointwise injection.
The hyperplane class on this image is , soConsequently every such natural embedding hasThe tautological choice is an embedding when all . If the are only nonnegative, is basepoint-free but can contract the projective subbundle arising from zero summands; one must distinguish that scroll image from the smooth abstract scroll.