Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2023 ii Paper 3 4I d i Solution Created 2026-09-24 Updated 2026-09-25
The grammars are isomorphic. The bijectionmaps every production of to the corresponding production of . They are therefore equivalent. Notice that in the first grammar and in the second are unreachable; the isomorphism also preserves this irrelevant component.