Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2007 iii Paper 4 1 i Solution Created 2026-10-03 Updated 2026-10-14
All brackets belong to the line , and shows this line is exactly the first derived algebra. Since is central, the derived series of a Lie algebra isThe lower central series of a Lie algebra is likewiseFor completeness, the center of a Lie algebra is : an element commutes with only if , and with only if . The upper central series of a Lie algebra is therefore , because the quotient by is abelian. Thus the Heisenberg Lie algebra is nilpotent of class two and solvable of derived length two. These properties are not mutually exclusive.