= W. F. Finney
{c}
\b[W. F. Finney], published in full as \b[William F. Finney], collaborated with <M. D. Morris> on using <Raman spectroscopy> to study <bone> under mechanical loading. Their experiment connected a change in a <Raman spectrum> to deformation of a living material's mineral component, rather than merely identifying its chemical ingredients.<Bone tissue ultrastructural response to elastic deformation probed by Raman spectroscopy by Michael D. Morris and others>[full byline and Abstract]{ref}
The apparatus held hydrated mouse femora in a mechanical tester on a <Raman spectroscopy> microprobe stage. A <load cell> monitored the applied loading, which stayed below yielding, while the experiment followed shifts of a <phosphate> vibrational band. This joined a mechanical measurement to a molecular-scale probe of the loaded <bone>.<Bone tissue ultrastructural response to elastic deformation probed by Raman spectroscopy by Michael D. Morris and others>[Abstract, experimental arrangement and elastic-regime observations]{ref}
For an original illustration of the mechanical scale, a specimen segment of initial length $10\,\mathrm{mm}$ that extends by $0.02\,\mathrm{mm}$ has engineering <strain> $\varepsilon=0.02/10=0.002$, or $0.2\%$. A simultaneous <Raman shift> measurement could track how a molecular vibration changes during that extension. The numerical extension is illustrative; it is not a reported value from Finney's experiment.
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