= Wall and stray-energy comparison in a magnetic particle
{title2=$\gamma_wA_w\geq\Delta U_{\rm stray}$}
A trial domain pattern costs wall energy $\gamma_wA_w$ and can release stray energy $\Delta U$. For a stable uniform ground state, $\gamma_wA_w\geq\Delta U$ within that trial model. Substituting the entire initial stray energy assumes that it is nearly all removed; a numerical lower bound independent of the domain geometry does not follow from single-domain observation alone.
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