Weak gravitational lensing
= Weak gravitational lensing
{title2=$\boldsymbol\beta=\boldsymbol\theta-\boldsymbol\alpha$}
When <gravitational lensing> gives small angular distortions without generic multiple imaging, its deflection field changes source positions, magnification and shear. Angular derivatives of the lensing potential determine these distortions. Ensemble galaxy-shape distortions and <Cosmic microwave background> remapping probe the foreground gravitational field.