= William Giauque
{c}
{title2=1895–1982}
{wiki}
= William Francis Giauque
{c}
{synonym}
= William F. Giauque
{c}
{synonym}
= W. F. Giauque
{c}
{synonym}
<William Giauque> investigated chemical <thermodynamics> at very low <temperatures>. <Calorimetry> and magnetic cooling connect accessible microscopic states with <entropy> and thermal response.
A <reduction> in <temperature> makes previously negligible level spacings relevant to state populations. Low-<temperature> measurements therefore test how molecular rotation, spin, and <crystal structure> contribute to thermodynamic quantities.<Some Consequences of Low Temperature Research in Chemical Thermodynamics by William Francis Giauque>[Nobel lecture: low-temperature chemical thermodynamics]{ref}
A <chemist> at Berkeley whose research and teaching focused on <chemical thermodynamics>.<William Francis Giauque by D. N. Lyon and others>[Teaching paragraphs: chemistry instructor in 1922; Advanced Physical Chemistry and Chemical Thermodynamics courses]{ref}
\Image[https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/2/20/William_Giauque_Nobel.jpg]
{title=Portrait of <William Giauque>}
{description=The Nobel Foundation, 1949 copyright notice; photographer and capture date unspecified. English Wikipedia identifies the photograph as public domain in Sweden with its United States copyright status unconfirmed.}
{source=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:William_Giauque_Nobel.jpg}
{width=260}
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