= William Sealy Gosset
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{title2=1876–1937}
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= William Gosset
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<William Sealy Gosset> published statistical research under the name Student while working as a brewer for Guinness. His practical problems involved variation in ingredients and brewing conditions, where obtaining a large sample was often difficult. This motivated methods that account for uncertainty in estimating variability from a small sample.https://www.dib.ie/biography/gosset-william-sealy-student-a3543[Dictionary of Irish Biography, brewery work and small-sample research]{ref}
The <Student's t-distribution> describes the standardized <mean> of an independent <normal sample> when its <standard deviation>[unknown standard deviation] is replaced by the <sample standard deviation>. Its heavier tails, compared with a <Standard normal distribution>, reflect that extra uncertainty. Gosset's work helped turn the limitations of a small experiment into an explicit part of inference rather than treating a <variance> estimate as known.
Biography: https://www.dib.ie/biography/gosset-william-sealy-student-a3543
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{title=Portrait of <William Sealy Gosset>}
{description=Unknown photographer; scan credited to Wujaszek; subsequent descreening by Quibik. Public domain; Public Domain Mark 1.0. Source and usage information on the linked Wikimedia file page.}
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