= Within-patient recurrent-event dependence
Repeated episodes from one person share susceptibility, treatment and history, so row-wise <independence> is generally inappropriate. Patient-clustered <sandwich covariance matrices> estimate uncertainty using whole-patient score contributions under a suitable working model. <Shared frailty models> instead model persistent latent heterogeneity. These methods require independent sampling units at the patient level and do not necessarily estimate the same marginal versus conditional effect.
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