PNAS 84(2), 334–338 (1987), DOI 10.1073/pnas.84.2.334. Primary indexed abstract and initial-only bylines B L Seong and U L RajBhandary verified; no expansion inferred. Anticodon-stem substitutions followed by purification, aminoacylation/formylation, AUG-dependent ribosomal P-site binding, initiation-factor binding and in-vitro protein-synthesis measurements. Full-text repository: pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC304201/ .