A separated vortex ring underlies the flight of the dandelion by Cathal Cummins and others 2026-11-05
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Nature562(2018),414–418; DOI10.1038/s41586-018-0604-2. Publisher byline verifies Cathal Cummins. Original accepted manuscript indexed at researchportal.hw.ac.uk/files/25369594/A_separated_vortex_AAM_Cummins_et_al_2018_AAM.pdf . Methods M1A and publisher supplementary videos1–5: vertical wind tunnel, laser-sheet flow visualization, fixed/free flight and fabricated disks of varying porosity. Indexed primary text inspected; direct PDF retrieval returned403.
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