By John Gorcsan III, William A. Mandarino, Lee G. Deneault, Shigeki Morita, Akihiko Kawai, Bartley P. Griffith, Robert L. Kormos. The International Journal of Cardiac Imaging 10, 103–111, June 1994. Publisher title, full byline, author affiliations and abstract verified at link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF01137705 . Abstract: six excised dog hearts were perfused ex vivo; an intraventricular balloon supplied volume and a micromanometer catheter supplied pressure. Automated echocardiographic borders measured mid-ventricular short-axis area. Three volume runs in 1 mL increments per heart yielded 1,080 simultaneous observations. The experiment compared pressure-area with pressure-volume relationships; it did not establish clinical validation. Full article not inspected.