Electronegativity is the average one-electron energy of the valence-shell electrons in ground-state free atoms by Leland C. Allen 2026-10-20
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Original theoretical paper: doi.org/10.1021/ja00207a003
Journal of the American Chemical Society 111, 9003–9014 (1989). Defines spectroscopic electronegativity using weighted s- and p-electron binding energies.
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