A Value for N-Person Games by Lloyd Shapley (RAND paper) Created 2026-10-24 Updated 2026-11-05
By Lloyd Shapley. RAND's original report record identifies the year 1952 and document P-295; the later book chapter is a distinct publication record.
The abstract identifies the axiomatic construction of a value. The four-axiom decomposition and uniqueness proof in Shapley value axioms are stated explicitly here.
By David Gale and Lloyd Shapley, credited as D. Gale and L. S. Shapley. Published in The American Mathematical Monthly 69(1), 9–15 (January 1962). The 2018 publisher online date concerns digitization, not original publication. The University of Toronto hosts the inspected scan; hosting does not establish authorship.
Cited passages: §3, printed p. 11, deferred acceptance; §5, printed p. 14, Theorem 2 and rejection induction.