American Journal of Physiology–Heart and Circulatory Physiology 292(3), H1452–H1459 (2007; online 10 November 2006), DOI 10.1152/ajpheart.01148.2006. Abstract, Methods: cine magnetic resonance imaging of twelve controls, twelve elite triathletes and twelve patients with dilated cardiomyopathy. Long-axis displacement and short-axis area enter the model for the longitudinal contribution to stroke volume. Indexed full first byline Marcus Carlsson.
Abstract, Methods, pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17098822/ : the area factor is specifically the mean epicardial area of the largest short-axis slices at end diastole, multiplied by atrioventricular plane displacement and divided by stroke volume. This specifies the anatomical area and cardiac phase behind the geometric estimator cited in the Marcus Carlsson profile.