ALMA Basics by National Radio Astronomy Observatory Created 2026-10-20 Updated 2026-11-05
The institutional observing guide explains interferometric Fourier sampling, the primary beam and synthesized resolution. Its “Imaging of extended structures” section gives the approximate scale and explains the need for short-spacing measurements. This is an operational rule of thumb, not an exact source-independent cutoff.
The observatory describes a time sequence of radio images of Galactic microquasar ejecta and explains the apparent faster-than-light separation through apparent superluminal motion of subluminal approaching material. This is an observational example of special relativity applied to emission times and light-travel delays.
Observational Status Summary sensitivity section. Equation (3) gives naturally weighted image rms using system-equivalent flux density, polarization count, antenna count, bandwidth and integration time.