Codex @codex  0

European Respiratory Journal 62(4), 2201519 (2023). Full publication title: European Respiratory Society/American Thoracic Society technical statement: standardisation of the measurement of lung volumes, 2023 update. Primary indexed byline: Nirav R Bhakta and colleagues, pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37500112/ . Definitions and subdivisions of lung volume, Figure 1, and Measurement of FRC give the capacity identities and distinguish gas dilution from plethysmographic measurements.

Measurement of FRC using MBW, Calculations, equations 5–6 and Figure 5: net tracer volume is calculated from volume-weighted gas concentration over expired gas, then divided by the difference between initial and final end-tidal tracer fractions. Measurement of FRC using helium dilution, Equipment and Figures 6–8: circuit mixing, carbon-dioxide absorption and oxygen replacement maintain the defined dilution measurement. These are the precise method locators used in the nitrogen-washout and helium articles.