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Center for Turbulence Research, Proceedings of the Summer Program 1990, pp. 5–17. Introduction equations 1–2: Smagorinsky viscosity. Section 2 equations 3–7: filtering and subgrid stress. Section 2: dynamic two-filter formulation; introductory discussion of backscatter limitations.

Center for Turbulence Research Annual Research Briefs2020,pp.3–5. Participant retrospective: 1990 collaboration, affiliations at that time, Germano identity, Piomelli implementation and incorrect initial-amplitude debugging, 1991 journal publication. Figure2 includes explicitly identified portraits; Cabot inset is from1994. No present-day citation counts adopted.