Impact of apical foreshortening on deformation measurements: a report from the EACVI-ASE Strain Standardization Task Force by Serkan Ünlü and others 2026-11-05
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European Heart Journal–Cardiovascular Imaging 21(3), 337–343 (2020), DOI 10.1093/ehjci/jez189. Abstract, Methods and results: 72 participants, GE Vivid E9 acquisition; deliberately foreshortened apical windows one rib-space above optimal windows; ejection fraction and strain compared using two analysis systems.
Abstract, Results and Conclusion, pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31361311/ : foreshortening affected longitudinal deformation measurements differently by myocardial layer and analysis system, with larger effects in apical regions and in endocardial than midwall measurements. The profile uses this as evidence for acquisition-dependent estimation, not a universal patient threshold.
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