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Primary technical report hosted by the United States Geological Survey. Numbered mapping features 4 and 5, “Active fold scarp” and “Syncline axis corresponding to the base of a fold forelimb”, explain how exposed deformation relates to a buried thrust. Hosting does not imply that every author is employed by the agency.

Institutional record of the 2008 primary study “Dependence of displacement-length scaling relations for fractures and deformation bands on the volumetric changes across them”. Its abstract gives linear scaling for shearing discontinuities under constant driving stress.

The United States Geological Survey explains lower-hemisphere focal mechanisms, compression shading, and the ambiguity between the two candidate fault planes.

The Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center's primary instrument description lists configurable acoustic sources and hydrophone acquisition, including boomer plates, sparkers and complementary chirp sub-bottom profiler equipment. It explains why the equipment configuration is chosen for target materials and imaging depth.

The institutional Earthquake Hazards Program page explains how disrupted young layers and unbroken overlying cover identify event horizons, and how ages above and below the affected horizon bracket a past earthquake. It distinguishes primary fault displacement from secondary shaking evidence.

The laboratory's primary methods description explains stored radiation dose, resetting by light or heat, the equivalent-dose-to-dose-rate age equation, and assumptions concerning bleaching and environmental dose rate.

Reusable locator for Table 1, “Geomorphic features associated with active faults”, in the primary mapping report Late Quaternary Faulting, Death Valley–Furnace Creek Fault System, California-Nevada, USGS Bulletin 1991. The normal-slip column lists scarps, faceted spurs, oversteepened mountain-front bases and rejuvenated valley floors. The official publication record confirms the report identity and 1991 publication year: pubs.usgs.gov/publication/b1991 .

Official explanation of megathrust earthquakes, crustal earthquakes and deep intraslab events in the Pacific Northwest.

Official explanation: www.usgs.gov/faqs/what-difference-between-lidar-data-and-a-digital-elevation-model-dem

Cited passages: aircraft laser returns, point-cloud representation and filtering vegetation and structures to construct a bare-earth digital elevation model. No publication date is inferred from the crawl date.