Young's contact-angle equation
= Young's contact-angle equation
{c}
{title2=$\gamma_{SV}-\gamma_{SL}=\gamma_{LV}\cos\theta$}
The planar interfacial balance $\gamma_{SV}-\gamma_{SL}=\gamma_{LV}\cos\theta$ for the equilibrium contact angle through the liquid, with interfacial free energies defined per actual area. Roughness and retained air require additional area accounting.