Bumpy torus
= Bumpy torus
{wiki=Bumpy_torus}
A bumpy torus is a mathematical concept that refers to a toroidal surface (the shape of a doughnut) that has irregular, wavy, or non-smooth features instead of a perfectly smooth form. In differential geometry and topology, a torus is typically defined as a product of two circles, \\(S^1 \\times S^1\\).