= Closed ecological system
{wiki=Closed_ecological_system}
A closed ecological system is a self-contained, self-sustaining environment that can support life without exchanging materials with the outside environment. This system includes all necessary components for life: air, water, and nutrients. In a closed ecological system, the interactions between organisms and their environment mimic the natural processes found in ecosystems on Earth, including photosynthesis, respiration, and decomposition.
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