Homotopy group with coefficients
= Homotopy group with coefficients
{wiki=Homotopy_group_with_coefficients}
In algebraic topology, homotopy groups are algebraic invariants that classify topological spaces up to homotopy equivalence. Typically, the most commonly discussed homotopy groups are the homotopy groups of a space \\( X \\), denoted \\( \\pi_n(X) \\), which for a given integer \\( n \\) represent the \\( n \\)-th homotopy group of \\( X \\).