Hubbard–Stratonovich transformation (source code)

= Hubbard–Stratonovich transformation
{wiki=Hubbard–Stratonovich_transformation}

The Hubbard-Stratonovich transformation is a mathematical technique commonly used in theoretical physics, particularly in the fields of many-body physics and quantum field theory. It is used to simplify the analysis of interacting systems by transforming products of exponentials into more manageable forms involving auxiliary fields. \#\#\# Context In statistical mechanics and quantum field theory, one often encounters partition functions or path integrals involving quadratic forms, particularly in the context of fermionic or bosonic systems.