= Néel relaxation theory
{wiki=Néel_relaxation_theory}
Néel relaxation theory, named after physicist Louis Néel, describes the mechanisms by which magnetic nanoparticles return to equilibrium after being subjected to an external magnetic field. It primarily focuses on superparamagnetic materials, which are small enough that thermal fluctuations can overcome their magnetic anisotropy. In superparamagnetic materials, the magnetic moments can randomly align in response to thermal energy.
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