= Total electron content
{wiki=Total_electron_content}
Total Electron Content (TEC) is a measure of the number of electrons present in a column of the Earth's atmosphere, particularly in the ionosphere, between two points. It is typically expressed in units of electrons per square meter (electrons/m²). TEC is an important parameter in understanding the ionospheric state and behavior, especially for applications that rely on radio wave propagation, such as satellite communications, Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), and radar systems.
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