= Valence and conduction bands
{wiki=Valence_and_conduction_bands}
In solid-state physics, the concepts of valence and conduction bands are essential for understanding the electronic properties of materials, particularly semiconductors and insulators. \#\#\# Valence Band - The **valence band** is the energy band that contains the valence electrons of the atoms in a solid. These electrons are involved in the formation of chemical bonds and are typically localized around their respective atoms. - In most materials, the valence band is fully occupied with electrons at absolute zero temperature.
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